摘要：【目的】研究磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作用(yong)對除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)溶(rong)液(ye)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)力及(ji)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)噴霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)的影響規律，探(tan)索新型(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)噴霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)控(kong)制方(fang)法(fa)。【方(fang)法(fa)】設計磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)溶(rong)液(ye)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)力試驗和(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)噴霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)試驗，記錄不同磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)和(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)長(chang)2個影響因素下除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)溶(rong)液(ye)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)力和(he)噴霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)，觀測數(shu)據變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)規律；并對數(shu)據進(jin)行擬(ni)合(he)，給出符合(he)數(shu)據變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的函數(shu)關系式(shi)(shi)。【結(jie)(jie)果(guo)】在磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)50~500 mT、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.0~25.0 min范(fan)圍內，溶(rong)液(ye)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)力和(he)噴霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)均隨磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)和(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)長(chang)的增加(jia)呈現先下降(jiang)后(hou)回(hui)升的趨勢(shi)；當磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)350 mT、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)15.0 min時(shi)(shi)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)力和(he)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)下降(jiang)幅度(du)最(zui)大，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)力為(wei)(wei)(wei)54.0 mN/m，下降(jiang)14.96%，噴霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)108.75μm，下降(jiang)11.20%。對表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)力數(shu)據進(jin)行擬(ni)合(he)，洛(luo)倫茲(zi)擬(ni)合(he)函數(shu)的決定(ding)系數(shu)(R2)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.816 4，調(diao)(diao)整后(hou)R2為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.794 0，均方(fang)根誤差(Root mean square error，RMSE)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.105 9；霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)數(shu)據擬(ni)合(he)中，多項式(shi)(shi)擬(ni)合(he)函數(shu)的R2為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.833 6，調(diao)(diao)整后(hou)R2為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.787 4，RMSE為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.085 7。擬(ni)合(he)函數(shu)有意義(yi)且擬(ni)合(he)精度(du)較高(gao)。【結(jie)(jie)論】磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作用(yong)并不是磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)越(yue)(yue)大或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)長(chang)越(yue)(yue)長(chang)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)效果(guo)越(yue)(yue)好，而是存在最(zui)佳磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處理強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)和(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)長(chang)；本研究給出的洛(luo)倫茲(zi)模型(xing)函數(shu)可作為(wei)(wei)(wei)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)溶(rong)液(ye)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)力與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作用(yong)的函數(shu)關系式(shi)(shi)，三次(ci)多項式(shi)(shi)函數(shu)可作為(wei)(wei)(wei)350 mT磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)下霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)粒徑(jing)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)模型(xing)。

生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)磁(ci)學(xue)(Biomagnetism)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)和磁(ci)學(xue)相互交叉的(de)(de)(de)一門新(xin)型(xing)學(xue)科(ke)，主(zhu)要(yao)探究生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)磁(ci)效(xiao)應及磁(ci)現象、外磁(ci)場對生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)體的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)磁(ci)學(xue)方向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)研究已(yi)吸(xi)引眾多(duo)領(ling)域相關(guan)專家的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度關(guan)注(zhu)。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)磁(ci)學(xue)目前(qian)已(yi)經普(pu)遍應用于環境保護工程、農(nong)業、林業等許多(duo)領(ling)域，且已(yi)取得巨大的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)益，其中，在農(nong)、林業領(ling)域采用最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)為磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)。磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)是(shi)指以一定的(de)(de)(de)流速通過(guo)磁(ci)場，受(shou)磁(ci)力線切(qie)割使自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)理化(hua)(hua)(hua)性質發生(sheng)(sheng)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)或(huo)水(shui)溶液。

在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性質方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，Cai等(deng)(deng)(deng)和(he)(he)Lee等(deng)(deng)(deng)研(yan)究(jiu)了磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)的影響，結果表(biao)(biao)(biao)明磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作用使(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)降低，在(zai)1 T磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)下磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)從1 min增加到13 min時(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)從68.5 mN/m下降到62.5 mN/m。對礦井水(shui)(shui)(shui)、純水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)不同(tong)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)及不同(tong)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)長下表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)的變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)規律進行研(yan)究(jiu)，發現(xian)并不是(shi)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)越大或磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)越長磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)效果就越好，而是(shi)存在(zai)最佳磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)最佳磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)；在(zai)不同(tong)的磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)下，表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)隨(sui)磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的延長呈先減小后(hou)增加的趨勢，在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)300 mT、磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)15 min時(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)下降幅度(du)(du)最大，為(wei)(wei)25%。Toledo等(deng)(deng)(deng)和(he)(he)Wang等(deng)(deng)(deng)研(yan)究(jiu)了磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)270、530 mT，磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)長為(wei)(wei)20、40、60 min條(tiao)件(jian)下自(zi)(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)情況，通(tong)過與(yu)未磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)的表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)進行對比(bi)，發現(xian)經磁(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)的表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力(li)(li)均有所(suo)減小。

上(shang)述研(yan)究(jiu)均是(shi)針對磁化作用(yong)(yong)對自來(lai)水、純水或礦井水表面張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)進行的(de)(de)，當前相(xiang)關(guan)領域鮮見在磁化作用(yong)(yong)對除(chu)草劑(ji)或其他植保藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)表面張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)方向展開研(yan)究(jiu)。藥(yao)(yao)液表面張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)(li)與噴(pen)霧(wu)霧(wu)滴粒徑(jing)呈密(mi)切的(de)(de)正相(xiang)關(guan)關(guan)系，目(mu)前磁化作用(yong)(yong)對除(chu)草劑(ji)溶(rong)液噴(pen)霧(wu)霧(wu)滴粒徑(jing)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)較(jiao)少。

本(ben)文(wen)通過磁(ci)化(hua)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)溶(rong)液表(biao)(biao)面(mian)張力(li)試驗(yan)和(he)磁(ci)化(hua)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)粒徑(jing)(jing)試驗(yan)，研究(jiu)磁(ci)化(hua)作用對(dui)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)溶(rong)液表(biao)(biao)面(mian)張力(li)與(yu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)粒徑(jing)(jing)的影響，分別給出(chu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)張力(li)、霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)粒徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)磁(ci)場強(qiang)度和(he)磁(ci)化(hua)時間的二元函數，為研究(jiu)磁(ci)化(hua)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)機理提供理論參考(kao)(kao)；并(bing)使(shi)用固(gu)定磁(ci)場強(qiang)度調整磁(ci)化(hua)時長，給出(chu)控制(zhi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)粒徑(jing)(jing)的函數關系式，為控制(zhi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)粒徑(jing)(jing)提供新的參考(kao)(kao)方法。

1材料與方法

1.1試(shi)驗設備

表(biao)面張(zhang)力(li)儀(yi)(芬(fen)蘭Kibron公(gong)司)；程(cheng)控功(gong)率電(dian)流源、數字高斯計、雙軛(e)雙調(diao)氣隙電(dian)磁鐵(北京翠(cui)海佳(jia)誠(cheng))；激光粒(li)度分析(xi)儀(yi)(歐美可)；隔膜(mo)泵(額定工(gong)作電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：12 V，額定功(gong)率：60 W，最大工(gong)作壓(ya)(ya)力(li)：0.8 MPa，流量：5 L/min)；可調(diao)直流穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(邁勝)；壓(ya)(ya)力(li)表(biao)(伊萊科)；F110-01型植保霧(wu)化噴頭；燒杯；玻璃器皿等。

1.2磁化除草劑溶液表(biao)面張(zhang)力試驗設(she)計

Esmaeilnezhad等研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)明(ming)，水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)隨液(ye)(ye)體溫(wen)度的升高(gao)逐漸減小(xiao)，因此在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中保(bao)(bao)持試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)環(huan)境溫(wen)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)26℃。按照除(chu)草劑(ji)(ji)與自來水1∶300的體積比配置(zhi)異丙甲草胺除(chu)草劑(ji)(ji)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)。設定(ding)最短磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.0 min，最長磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)25.0 min，以(yi)5 min為(wei)(wei)(wei)公差進行(xing)遞(di)增(zeng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化，實際(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化時(shi)長可(ke)根據(ju)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)結(jie)果(guo)進行(xing)細(xi)化調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中實際(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化時(shi)長見表(biao)(biao)(biao)1，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)共分11組(zu)(zu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)1為(wei)(wei)(wei)對(dui)照組(zu)(zu)，處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)2~11為(wei)(wei)(wei)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)組(zu)(zu)，共48組(zu)(zu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，每(mei)組(zu)(zu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)復(fu)4次。處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)1用(yong)塑料(liao)燒(shao)杯量取40 mL溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)，使(shi)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)儀(yi)(圖(tu)1)按照儀(yi)器使(shi)用(yong)方法測未磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化狀(zhuang)態下溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)，測試(shi)結(jie)果(guo)顯示在儀(yi)器屏幕上，為(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)證數(shu)據(ju)準確性，重(zhong)復(fu)測3次取平均(jun)值，為(wei)(wei)(wei)63.5 mN/m，當作對(dui)照值。處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)2~11均(jun)使(shi)用(yong)靜(jing)態磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)2為(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)，調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)程(cheng)(cheng)控功率電流源使(shi)兩(liang)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)間磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強度為(wei)(wei)(wei)50 mT，量取40 mL溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)置(zhi)于塑料(liao)燒(shao)杯中，將燒(shao)杯夾緊于雙軛雙調(diao)(diao)氣(qi)隙電磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)兩(liang)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)中間進行(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，如圖(tu)2所示。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化水表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)狀(zhuang)態約能保(bao)(bao)持25 min，為(wei)(wei)(wei)確保(bao)(bao)所有試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)組(zu)(zu)各變量一致，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化完畢后(hou)立即用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)儀(yi)測試(shi)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)張(zhang)(zhang)力(li)(li)并記錄數(shu)據(ju)。之后(hou)每(mei)個(ge)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)的磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強度遞(di)增(zeng)50 mT，且(qie)各處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)的操作步驟參照處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)2進行(xing)。

表(biao)1磁化除草(cao)劑溶液(ye)表(biao)面(mian)張力(li)試驗設計(ji)表(biao)

圖1表(biao)面(mian)張力儀

圖2靜態磁(ci)化